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Brush tool The Brush Tool is a basic tool used to create smooth strokes of the foreground colour in your image. You can set various options in the Options bar, which include: Brush Preset picker:  This option provides you with a large number of predesigned brush presets that you can use. You can also change the diameter of the brush by moving the size slider. Mode:  It allows you to select and set the painting mode from the drop-down list. Opacity: This option allows you to set the level of transparency of the brush strokes. Flow:  Flow determines how quickly the Brush tool applies the paint. Follow these steps to use the Brush Tool: 1. Open any image. Right click on the Quick Selection Tool and choose the Magic Wand Tool with tolerance settings of 32 and select the area where you want to apply the Brush Tool (as we have selected the grass area in the image). 2. Select the Brush Tool from the Tools panel or press Bon the ...

features of windows movie maker 1. Autosave the  project  project are automatically saved after a fixed interval of time so that the data does not get lost in case of power failure of unexpected application closure. 2. Download music from online libraries Windows Movie Maker allow you to directly download files from popular online stores at audio audiomicro and Vimeo music store. these store make it easy to find the right kind of music that has the proper rights. 3. Audio Narration In the Movie Maker, you have the option of attaching an oral interpretation with your video clip. You can record the narration, save it as an audio file and then add it as a separate audio track. Sound effects can also be added to the narration track. 4. Audio Ducking and EmphasisEmphasis While the narration track is active, the audio from all other tracks is temporarily reduced or ducked, thus making the harration louder than the video's sound or music. You can al...

ENGLISH EDUCATION IN INDIA Oriental perception of education for Indians The term 'Orient' means the East. As it has been said earlier, there were many English officials of the East India Company who were in favour of encouraging Indian (or Oriental) rather than Western learning. These people, who were called Orientalists, were led by William Jones and Henry Thomas Colebrook who discovered the rich heritage of India's ancient past through sacred and legal texts produced in ancient period that they had translated into English. They said that in order to rule India, the British needed to understand and learn Indian culture. The study of the texts could help them rule and develop India in future. This would also help Indians seek pride in the glorious heritage of their past. These company officials thought that in order to win Indians over to the British, they should be taught subjects which they were familiar with. Institutions...

Why are some people visually challenged? If any one of the cornea, eye lens, retina, and optic nerve of a person fails to perform its function, the person will not be able to see. Visual disability could be from birth or it could be caused by a disease. Some people have partial vision while some have no vision at all. The other senses of a visually challenged person are exceptionally sharp, especially the sense of hearing or touch. They use these senses to know about the world around them and it helps them attain success in all spheres of life. There are a number of visually challenged people who have achieved great success in different walks of life. Point we discuss 1. causes of visual impairment 2. types of visual impairment 3. visual impairment disability

Factors affecting development The rapid growth of this region can be attributed to two factors—large amounts of capital and technology. The government of the US invested large amounts of capital in these industries after World War II. Besides, private businesses also offered capital. Since the invention of the integrated circuit, Silicon Valley and growth meant the same. In the 1980s, there was large-scale growth with the advent of personal computers. In the 1990s, the internet provided a huge growth through Internet- based business. To meet the growing need of high-technology workers, especially engineers, the US government modified immigration rules to allow foreign workers to get into the country. So there was a large influx of workers from India and China. The nearby Stanford University and its graduates also contributed a lot to the development of this region. The university promoted research programmes that were needed for the industry and encouraged i...

causes of air pollutionpollution causes of air pollution Air pollution:  is a problem that everyone should be concerned about , as it affects everybody In some way or the other. Getting a breath of fresh air has become impossible in today's won because the quality of air in our cities is anything but fresh. Air pollution results from a variety of causes, not all of which are within human control. Natural causes like dust storms in desert areas, volcanic eruptions, and forest fires also contribute to the air pollution. The source of pollution may be in one place but the impact may be felt elsewhere. The moment you step out of the house and are on the road you can actually see the air getting polluted-a cloud of smoke from the exhaust of a bus, car, or a scooter; smoke coming out from a factory chimney or generated by thermal power plants; and speeding cars causing dust to rise from the roads. Someone smoking a cigarette can also cause air pollution so s...

Amazing animals Anacondas Anacondas are water-loving snakes found in tropical South America. The green anaconda is the largest enake in the world. Although anacondas and pythons both have been reliably measured at over 9 metres long, anacondas have been reported to measure over 10 metres and are much more heavily built. Most individuals, however, do not exceed 5 metres. Unlike other snakes which lay eggs, a female anaconda gives live birth to 14-82 babies, each more than 62 cm in length. The young grow rapidly, attaining almost 3 metres by age three. Tamarin Tamarins (Leontideus rosalia) are found in some parts of Central and South America and the Amazon basin. A tamarin is a squirrel-sized monkey which has soft silky fur, covering its head and face. The fur is golden in colour. Its thick fur resembles the mane of a lion, and hence its name is 'golden lion'.

Desertification The forest soil is moist which supports the growth of a wide variety of plants and useful microorganisms. Without forest cover, the soil becomes dry due to Sun's rays and the growth of microorganisms is impacted. This affects the fertility of soil. Loss of forest cover also leads to soil erosion. The hard, rocky lower layers which get exposed are less fertile and do not support the growth of vegetation. Thus, due to deforestation the fertile land gets converted into barren deserts or wasteland. This gradual conversion of fertile humid soil into a dry wasteland is called desertification.

Harmful effects of burning fuels 1. Burning of coal and oil causes the release of atmospheric pollutants such as sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. These gases readily form smog that pollutes the air. Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Another environmental issue associated with the use of oil is the impact of oil drilling. Most of the oil wells lie under the ocean. Oil spill accidents are a major threat to the marine organisms and birds. 2. Carbon-containing fuels like wood and coal release unburnt carbon particles which form soot and are responsible for causing respiratory diseases like asthma. During incomplete combustion, the unburnt carbon not only causes wastage of the fuel but also pollutes the atmosphere by producing highly poisonous carbon monoxide gas. Carbon monoxide causes respiratory problems and may even prove fatal. 3. The sulphur contained in coal fo...

Renewable and non-renewable resources Renewable resources are those resources which can be replenished or reproduced easily in a relatively short period of time. Water, plants, and animals are examples of renewable resources. Renewable resources: are replaced in time and will therefore not run out easily. For example, water in a river or in a well may dry up, but when it rains it is replenished. These resources can be used over and over again. Plants and animals are also resources that can be increased in number by reproduction. Example Mismanagement can however turn a renewable natural resource into a non-renewable one. For example, trees are a renewable resource. However, continuous deforestation may make it difficult to get back the green cover of trees. Nature has provided us with abundant resources but it depends on us to sustain them carefully. Non-renewable:  natural resources are those resources which cannot be replenished easily....

Exploring forces What happens when more than one force is acting on a body? Consider the example of a game of tug-of-war. In this game, two opposite teams pull a rope in opposite directions. A red ribbon is tied at the middle of the rope and the ground marked accordingly. The team which is able to pull the ribbon towards itself wins the game. Here, the rope experiences two forces which are acting in opposite directions. To understand the motion of the rope, • net force is the difference between two forces. • the net force acts in the direction of the larger force. • if two forces are acting in the same direction, they add up. The strength of a force is expressed by its magnitude. Magnitude is a numerical value with an appropriate unit. In addition to the magnitude, a force always has a direction. The direction of force is away from us when we push something and towards us when we pull something. Thus, a force is expressed by its magnitude and dir...

Study the effects of force on the state of motion Things required  : A table tennis ball and a wooden board  Method: 1. Place the table tennis ball on the floor. The ball does not move on its own, I.e. ,  it is in a state of rest. Now, push the ball forward with a small force.  Observation 1 : The ball starts moving  2. Now, push the wall with both hands ✋🖐👋. Observation 2 : No matter how hard you push, the wall does not move.  Calclusion:  from observation 1 and 2, we can conclude that a force can make an object at rest to move. However, the force applied may not always be large enough to move an object as seen while pushing the wall.  3. Again, take the ball and give it a push. When the ball starts moving, push it again in the same direction in which it is moving Observation 3:  The speed of the ball Changing speed of increases a moving ball Conclusion: If a force is ...

Properties of sound  Sound is propagated in the form of a wave of vibrations which moves away from the source. Vibration as we know is an oscillators motion which repeats itself after a fixed interval of time. Like any other oscillatory motion, sound has the following properties: amplitude, time period, and frequency Amplitude We know that sound is propagated by vibrations in the particles of medium about a mean position. The maximum distance moved by the particles of the medium on either side of the mean position represents the amplitude of sound. Time period Time period of a sound wave refers to the time taken by a particle of the medium to complete one vibration. Time period is measured in seconds (s) Frequency The number of oscillations completed by the air particles in one second is called the frequency of vibrations. The frequency is expressed in hertz (H2). A frequency of 50 Hz represents 50 oscillations in a second. An increase in...

Points to ponder   1. Child labour Child labour Around 150 million children in the world are engaged in child labour. Many of them under hazardous work conditions, be it in mines, with harmful chemicals, pesticides, dangerous machinery. Many or with children, mostly girls, work Africa, than as domestic help. In sub-Saharan more one in five children are engaged in child labour. work under In India, hazardous conditions many children in firecracker factories, and accidents many of them die because every year. Why do of you think children significant are forced to work? Perhaps the reason is poverty. single Poor most families need extra instead income, of being sent to school. so the child is sent In to work many cultures, help it is believed in the that trade children of their should parents learn and from a young age, even if that trade is strenuous or unsafe. Do you know any such children ? Find out what circu...

Physical properties of metal  Metals and non-metals can be identified on the basis of their appearance and other physical properties like hardness, lustre, malleability, ductility, conductivity, etc. Let us discuss some of these physical properties here.  Hardness Touch an iron rod and a plastic rod. Do you feel any difference? Metals (e.g., iron and aluminium) are generally hard, except for sodium and potassium which are soft and can be cut easily with a knife. Non-metals are generally soft. However, the hardest substance found in nature is a diamond, which is a form of carbon (a non-metal). Physical state Metals are generally solid with the exception of mercury, which is a liquid at room temperature (20–25°C). Mercury is the shiny liquid in the thermometer. Non-metals could be solids, liquids, or gases. For example, carbon, sulphur, and phosphorus are solids at room temperature. Oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen are however g...

What is Thermoplastic Thermoplastic  are the type of plastic that melts when heated and hardens again when cooled. About 80% of the plastics produced are thermoplastics. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyvinylchloride (PVC) are examples of thermoplastics. Let us try to understand this through the following analogy: When ice is heated, it melts. When a thermoplastic object is heated, it melts as well. The molten ice can be formed into a new shape, and it will retain that shape when frozen. In the same way, a molten thermoplastic object can be transformed into a different shape and it will retain that new shape when cooled. Study buddy

Rayon  Rayon was the first man-made fibre and has been called 'the laboratory's first gift to the loom'. It is made from the cellulose of wood pulp or cotton. This is why it is called a cellulosic polymer. Since rayon is produced by the chemical treatment of cellulose (a natural substance), it is not a pure synthetic fibre. Rayon was developed as a substitute for silk. Silk is a natural fibre which has a beautiful texture. Silk was probably discovered in China, but its production was kept a closely guarded secret for quite some time. Also, the silk fibre was quite expensive. This led to extensive attempts to develop an artificial fibre that looked similar to silk and was relatively cheaper. The attempts succeeded in the late 19th century when scientists developed an artificial fibre by chemical processing of wood pulp. This fibre exhibited properties similar to that of silk and was named rayon (also called artificial silk). Properties of rayon f...

 useful bacteria in human body A healthy person is actually colonized by bacteria on the skin and inside the body. Certain types of bacteria live in the intestines of human beings. They help in digestion and also in destroying the harmful organisms. Intestinal bacteria also produce some vitamins required by the human body. Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria in the digestive tract aid in digestion, synthesize vitamins, and degrade toxins.

Medical discoveries 1.  Alexander Fleming , a Scottish scientist, discovered penicillin, the first antibacterial drug to combat a wide range of bacterial infections, in 1928. One day he observed a mould fungus growing in a bowl containing bacteria. He also found that the growth of the bacteria had been impeded in the vicinity of the fungus. He concluded by saying that the mould released a substance that affected the growth of bacteria and named it penicillin. 2. Edward Jenner  was the pioneer of the smallpox vaccine and coined the term vaccine'. In 1796, he injected eight-year-old James Phipps with pus from a cowpox pustule, which made him immune to the smallpox virus. He based this experiment on the assumption that milkmaids who contracted cowpox, a mild disease, were immune to smallpox. His idea faced resistance and he was asked to give more proof. He experimented on several children including his 11-month-old son and hi...

5 morning habits that you don't have to do ever 1. Whenever you have to be fresh in the morning just do the maximum number of tasks in the previous night so that nothing much is left in the morning .by doing this you can have a stress free morning and you will have a feeling of greatness in yourself. 2. Just after waking up stay away from your distractions. for example you have TV your distractions list, mobile phones ,Facebook ,WhatsApp ,Snapchat or anything else stay away from these things .if you will do these things you will be distracted in the whole day .so it's my personal experience that never chat or see the messages in the morning. 3. Take proper breakfast in the morning. if you don't take proper breakfast in the morning you will feel lazy before your lunch break in the school .so have proper breakfast. 4. Stop snoozing yes never snooze your alarms .if you will do so you will have the feeling of failure in yourself and it is scientifically proven t...

Ou Study buddy Unique treestrees 1.   Jaboticaba , also known as  Jaboticabeira , also known as Jaboticabeira, is native to southeastern Brazil. The tree is dome- shaped and grows to about 11-12 m. It bears small flowers, which grow either singly or in clusters, and four white petals. Unlike other trees, the fruit is borne on the trunk and the main branches, giving the tree a very unusual appearance. The fruit is round, edible, and dark purple in colour 2. The bo tree is native to the deserts of California and Mexico. The tree that can grow up to 15 m, fancifully resembles a slender upside-down carrot. The leaves of the tree fall off early in life and yellow flowers are borne in clusters. Photosynthesis is carried out by the tree's green stems. The trunk wood is spongy and stores water. 3. Eucalyptus deglupta  , a fast-growing, huge, evergreen tree, is found in southeaste...

How to study 8 hours in a day with these These four tips are 1. Best time 2. Go goal 3.study space 4.mix and match In the first we'll talk about the best time for this technique you have to decide that you are a morning person or an evening person. first you will talk about morning person. if you are a morning person the best time to study for you is: four to six in the evening then take a break of 1 hour then 7 to 9 in the evening then take a break of an hour have your dinner and 10 to 11 at the night. Now I am going to talk about the evening person. If you are evening person take a nap from 5 to 7:00 in the evening then 30 minutes refresh yourself and from 7:30 to 9:30 is your study slot 1 of 2 hours then take a break off 1 hour and then from 10:30 to 2:30 in the late night is your second study slot. This is the best time to study. The second study tips go goal. This tip is a scientific study tip in this tip you have to decide your goal for next 1 hour .for ...

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Study buddy How to score 90% and how to remember what you study In beginning I would like to tell you that there are three methods of learning 1. Visual learning 2. Auditory learning 3.cinesthetic learning The Third way of learning is the most powerful way of learning so I will start with visual learning In visual learning there are two methods to learn first it is the drawing learning. In drawing learning we learn by making drawings because  by making drawings we can learn 60000 time faster then text. The second method of visual learning is the memory spots. if you feel problem in learning a thing or an example just quickly change your study spot .it's because when you change your study spot it refresh your memory so you can learn that thing easily. The second way of learning is auditory learning. in auditory learning there are two methods of learning that are  record replay and SOL in auditory learning if you don't remember anything da...

Technology today 1. Skype is a software application for communicating with other people over the internet using video or voice calls and sharing text messages. It was founded by Niklas Zennström of Sweden and Janus Friis of Denmark in 2003. 2.   Bluetooth  refers to a wireless technology that helps in exchanging data over short distances at a high speed. The chip can be plugged into mobile phones, laptops, and digital cameras. Interestingly, Bluetooth, developed in 1994, is named after the 10th century Danish king Harald I Bluetooth who unified Denmark and Norway. 3. Kindle is a handheld wireless electronic device developed for reading newspapers, magazines, books, or any other written material. The device that has the size and weight of a trade paperback book was first released by e-commerce company Amazon in 2007. A display technology called electronic paper is used in Kindle, which produces a sharp screen image res...

Architectural feats  1. Guggenheim Museum The Guggenheim Museum , located in Bilbao, Spain, is an architectural wonder. The structure of the museum is complex and abstract and has been hailed as one of the most spectacular buildings of the world. It is believed that computer simulations of the building's structure during its construction period made it possible to build shapes that architects of the periods before the advent of computers would have probably found impossible to construct. The museum is a popular tourist attraction and houses some of the best works of modern art. 2. Alhambra The Alhambra palace is a fortress of the Moorish monarchs of Granada, Spain. Alhambra means 'red' in the Arabic language. The outer walls of the palace are built using sun dried bricks made of fine gravel and clay, giving the palace its name. The principal courts of the palace are the Patio de los Leones (Court of the Lions) and the Patio ...

Traditional musical instruments 1.  The balalaika ,   a stringed musical instrumant of the lute family, was developed in the 18th center in Russia and central Asia. It is made in six sizes, from piccolo to double bass, and has a flat back and a triangular belly that tapers to the neck. The instrument was usually used in folk music but was also employed in large balalaika orchestras in 20th center.  2. The ektara is a rhythmic folk instrument with a stretched single string, a spherical resonator covered with animal skin. and a split bamboo cane as a neck. The name literally means 'one-stringed. This instrument is used mainly in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. This instrument is also known as a gopichand.  3. The gusla , also known as the gusle , is a bowed, stringed musical instrument used mostly in southeastern Europe. It comprises of a skin belly, a round wooden back, and one horse hair string at the top ...

Mountains of smoke and fire 1.  The largest volcanic eruption at Mount Tambora  occurred in 1815  on Sumbawa island,now a part of Indonesia. The explosive eruption and the subsequent tsunamis killed about 10,000 people. Deposition of thick ash resulted in agriculture loose and a rise in the death troll to 82,000 as a result of famines and diseases. 2.  The second largest eruption occurred in 1883 at Krakatoa (krakatau) in Indonesia krakatoa   is a vocano on a small uninhabited island between Java and Sumatra. As a consequence of this outburst, the 23 sq km area of the island disappeared. The explosion pushed the ash to a height of 80 km . The force of this outburst was equivalent to that of 10,000 atomic bombs

What is point to point topology Point to point topology is the simplest from of network structure in which two nodes are directly connected to each other. This type of network is more suitable for small areas where computers are in close proximity . This technology provides a faster and reliable connection

Natural wonders of the world 1.  Aurora is the natural display of lights in the sky, seen in both the northern and southern hemisphere. It is courses when the electrically charged particles from the sun enters the earth's atmosphere. In South it is known as the southern lights,or Aurora Australus, and in North it is known as the Northern Lights , or Aurora Australis, and in north it is known as the Northern lights, or Aurora Borealis

The mighty dinosaursdinosaurs 1. Brachiosaurus One of the largest herbivorous lived 150-130 million years ago. It weighed nearly 80 metric tones and was 25 m, it had an immensely long neck and a short tail. Its nostrils were located above its eyes. Having longer forelimbs enabled it to browse through the branches of tall trees 2. Stegosaurus A herbivore stegosaurus is also known as a 'roof lizard'. It had two rows of bony plants along its back,which helped it regulate its body temperature and also define against carnivorous dinosaurs. It had short forelimbs,and walked with its spiked tail help up in the air.

Power resources What runs a car? What drives your computer?  Where does the energy come from? Mineral fuels especially  fossil fuel,  are mainly used across the world to provide most of the energy ⚡ to run these and other machinery for communication and industry.  Think of five ways that energy impacts your life every day think and comment

Underground mining Underground miningis  done when the minerals are located deep within the Earth. You might have seen shaft mining in movies where mining go down a shaft(tunnel) in a lift. Tunnels are dug to reach the ore where it is dynamited and broken into chunks, and then taken up through another shaft to waiting trucks. This is the deepest form of underground mining.coalcoal,gold,and copper are mined this way

Non-metallic minerals These minerals have no metal content. These include graphite,gypsum,talc,limestone,mica,and gemstones.Usually these are found in sedimentary rocks. Coal,basically a rock,oil,and natural gas are often referred to as mineral fuels

प्राकृतिक संसाधन एक संसाधन कुछ भी है जिसका मनुष्यों के लिए कुछ मूल्य या उपयोग है। मानव की सहायता के बिना प्राकृतिक रूप से होने वाले संसाधन प्राकृतिक संसाधन हैं। जहां प्राकृतिक संसाधन पाए जाते हैं पर्यावरण में हमारे चारों ओर प्राकृतिक संसाधन पाए जाते हैं। उदाहरण 1. लकड़ी 2. खनिज पदार्थ 3. मिट्टी 4. पानी 5. मछली 6. वन्यजीव प्राकृतिक संसाधनों के कुछ उदाहरण हैं

अक्षय जिन संसाधनों को नवीनीकृत किया जा सकता है या जल्दी से फिर से भरा जा सकता है, जैसे कि मिट्टी और जंगल, अक्षय संसाधन हैं उदाहरण 1. पौधे 2. जानवरों 3. पानी गैर नवीकरणीय संसाधन जो कम हो गए हैं और जल्दी से विकसित नहीं हो सकते हैं वे गैर-नवीकरणीय संसाधन हैं उदाहरण 1. कच्चा लोहा 2. सोना 3. पेट्रोलियम

Types of resources Renewable Resources that can be renewed or replenish quickly, such as soil and forests, are the renewable resources Example Plants Animals Water Non-renewable Resources that are depleted and cannot develop quickly are the non-renewable resources Example Iron ore Gold Petroleum

Natural resources A resources is anything that has some value or use for humans. Resources which occur naturally without the help of humans are natural resources.  Where natural resources are found Natural resources are found all around us in the environment.  Example Wood Minerals Soil Water Fish Wildlife are some examples of natural resources